Skydiving is an exhilarating sport that draws thrill-seekers from around the world, offering the unparalleled experience of freefalling from thousands of feet in the air. However, as with any activity that takes place high in the sky, skydiving is subject to the whims of weather, particularly thunderstorms. One of the most terrifying possibilities that a skydiver might face is being struck by lightning during a jump. This article delves into what happens if you get struck by lightning while skydiving, exploring the science, risks, and consequences of this rare but serious event.
The Science of Lightning Strikes
Lightning is a powerful and natural electrostatic discharge that occurs during thunderstorms. When the electric potential between clouds and the ground becomes too great, a lightning bolt is unleashed, traveling at speeds up to 220,000 kilometers per hour (136,000 miles per hour). These bolts carry an immense amount of energy—typically around one billion joules—enough to power a 100-watt light bulb for over three months.
The majority of lightning strikes occur between clouds, but about 25% strike the Earth’s surface. These ground strikes are the ones most concerning for skydivers. Lightning typically seeks the shortest path to the ground, often striking tall objects like trees, buildings, or in this case, a skydiver who may momentarily become the tallest object in the sky during descent.
How Lightning Affects the Human Body
Being struck by lightning is a rare but extremely dangerous event. On average, about 240,000 people are struck by lightning globally each year, with approximately 10% of these incidents being fatal. The effects of a lightning strike on the human body are severe and can include:
Cardiac Arrest: The electrical charge from a lightning strike can cause immediate cardiac arrest, stopping the heart from beating.
Nervous System Damage: The nervous system is particularly vulnerable, with lightning strikes often causing brain injury, seizures, and long-term neurological damage.
Burns and Blunt Force Trauma: The intense heat of the lightning can cause severe burns, while the force of the strike can result in blunt force trauma as the individual is often thrown several meters.
Secondary Injuries: A lightning strike can also cause secondary injuries, such as from falling or being thrown into nearby objects.
The Interaction of Lightning and Skydiving Equipment
Skydiving gear, including the parachute, altimeter, and jumpsuit, is not designed to protect against lightning. The parachute’s materials, typically made from nylon or other synthetic fibers, are poor conductors of electricity, meaning they neither attract nor repel lightning. However, this also means they provide no protection if a skydiver is struck. Metal components in the skydiving gear, such as buckles, hooks, and altimeters, can conduct electricity, potentially exacerbating the effects of a lightning strike.
If a skydiver is struck by lightning, the electric current will likely pass through the body and gear, potentially causing the parachute to collapse or malfunction. The electric shock could also incapacitate the skydiver, rendering them unable to deploy their parachute or manage their descent.
Real-Life Incidents: How Likely is a Lightning Strike While Skydiving?
Lightning strikes on skydivers are extremely rare, largely because skydivers are trained to avoid jumping in thunderstorms. However, there have been documented cases of skydivers being struck by lightning. In these instances, the outcomes have ranged from severe injuries to death, underscoring the seriousness of such an event.
In one notable case, a skydiver was struck by lightning mid-air, causing him to lose consciousness. Fortunately, his automatic activation device (AAD) deployed his reserve parachute, and he survived, albeit with severe injuries. This case highlights both the risks of lightning and the importance of safety devices like the AAD.
Safety Precautions: Minimizing the Risk of Lightning Strikes
Skydiving organizations and weather monitoring agencies take significant precautions to minimize the risk of lightning strikes. The most important safety measure is avoiding jumps during thunderstorms. Skydiving centers monitor weather conditions closely, and jumps are typically canceled or postponed if thunderstorms are in the vicinity.
For skydivers, the best way to stay safe is to follow these guidelines:
Check Weather Reports: Always check the weather forecast before a jump. If thunderstorms are predicted, it’s best to reschedule.
Observe the Sky: Even if the forecast is clear, keep an eye on the sky for any signs of developing storms, such as dark clouds or distant lightning.
Understand the Risk Window: Thunderstorms can develop rapidly. Be aware of the conditions and understand that the risk of lightning strikes is higher during the early stages of a storm.
Listen to Instructors: Follow the guidance of your skydiving instructors and the staff at the drop zone. If they call off a jump due to weather concerns, it’s for your safety.
Immediate Actions if Lightning Strikes During a Jump
In the unlikely event that a skydiver is struck by lightning, the immediate priority is survival. Here’s what a skydiver should do:
Deploy Your Parachute: If conscious, deploy your parachute as soon as possible. The electrical shock might cause temporary disorientation, so act quickly before losing consciousness.
Check for Malfunctions: After deploying the parachute, check for any malfunctions or damage caused by the lightning strike. If the main parachute is damaged, switch to the reserve parachute.
Use Your Automatic Activation Device: If you’re unable to deploy your parachute due to injury, your AAD should deploy the reserve parachute automatically. Ensure your AAD is functioning properly before the jump.
Signal for Help: If possible, use hand signals or a radio to signal for help. Emergency services should be contacted immediately upon landing.
Medical Response and Treatment Post-Lightning Strike
Surviving a lightning strike during skydiving requires immediate medical attention. Upon landing, or if you witness a skydiver struck by lightning, follow these steps:
Check for Breathing and Pulse: If the victim is not breathing or has no pulse, begin CPR immediately. Every second counts in restoring the heart’s function.
Treat for Shock: The victim may go into shock, characterized by pale skin, rapid pulse, and shallow breathing. Keep the victim warm and calm until emergency services arrive.
Monitor for Injuries: Lightning strikes can cause internal injuries, burns, and neurological damage. Even if the victim appears fine, they need to be taken to a hospital for a full evaluation.
Follow Up with Specialists: Long-term care might involve neurologists, cardiologists, and physical therapists, depending on the extent of the injuries.
see also: Skydiving vs. Hot Air Ballooning: Which Is More Dangerous?
The Rarity of Lightning Strikes on Skydivers
While the idea of being struck by lightning while skydiving is terrifying, it’s important to emphasize that such occurrences are exceedingly rare. The vast majority of skydivers never encounter thunderstorms while jumping, thanks to strict weather protocols and advances in forecasting technology.
Skydiving remains a statistically safe sport when proper precautions are taken. Most accidents occur due to human error, not weather-related incidents. However, understanding the risks and how to mitigate them is crucial for all skydivers.
Conclusion
Skydiving and lightning are two forces of nature that rarely meet, but when they do, the consequences can be dire. The combination of skydiving at high altitudes and the unpredictability of thunderstorms makes it essential for skydivers to be aware of the risks and take all necessary precautions to avoid such situations.
Understanding the science behind lightning strikes, the potential effects on the human body and skydiving equipment, and the importance of weather awareness are critical components of safe skydiving practices. Although the likelihood of being struck by lightning while skydiving is low, being prepared for the worst-case scenario can mean the difference between life and death.
Skydivers should always prioritize safety, follow expert guidance, and never underestimate the power of nature. By doing so, they can continue to enjoy the thrill of the sport while minimizing the risks.
FAQs:
What should I do if I see lightning while preparing for a skydive?
If you see lightning or hear thunder while preparing for a skydive, immediately inform the jump staff and postpone the jump. It’s crucial to wait until the storm passes to ensure safety.
Can a parachute be struck by lightning?
Yes, a parachute can be struck by lightning, although it’s rare. If struck, the parachute could be damaged, and the skydiver could lose control, making it essential to switch to the reserve chute if necessary.
How often do skydivers get struck by lightning?
Skydivers getting struck by lightning is extremely rare, thanks to stringent weather monitoring and safety protocols. Most skydiving centers cancel jumps if thunderstorms are in the area.
What is an Automatic Activation Device (AAD), and how does it help?
An AAD is a safety device that automatically deploys a skydiver’s reserve parachute if they are unable to do so themselves, often due to unconsciousness or incapacitation. It’s a critical backup in case of emergencies.
Is it safe to skydive in cloudy weather?
Skydiving in cloudy weather is generally safe if the clouds are not associated with thunderstorms. However, skydiving in poor visibility conditions can be risky, and it’s essential to follow the guidance of experienced instructors.
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