Pipeline—located on the North Shore of Oahu, Hawaii—is more than just a wave. It’s a rite of passage, a proving ground, and one of the most iconic surf breaks on the planet. Renowned for its perfectly barreling waves, heavy water, and shallow reef, Pipeline is a dream for many surfers—but it’s also one of the most dangerous waves in the world.
Before attempting Pipeline, it’s crucial to understand that it’s not a beginner’s wave in the traditional sense. However, with the right preparation, mindset, and progression, you can set yourself on a path toward safely surfing this legendary break.
This guide will walk you through everything a beginner needs to start preparing for Pipeline, from understanding the wave to gear, training, etiquette, and gradual skill-building.
Understanding the Banzai Pipeline
Pipeline, also known as Banzai Pipeline, is located off Ehukai Beach Park on the North Shore of Oahu. It’s famous for its:
- Powerful, hollow waves
- Sharp coral reef just feet below the surface
- Multiple reef breaks (First Reef, Second Reef, and Third Reef)
- Left-breaking barrels (with occasional rights known as “Backdoor”)
The wave forms perfectly due to the underwater topography, which allows massive North Pacific swells to hit the reef and pitch over into iconic tubes.
Why it’s dangerous:
Shallow reef: Wipeouts can result in serious injury.
Wave size: Swells can reach over 20 feet during the peak season (November–February).
Crowd: Pipeline attracts elite surfers from around the world.
Currents and rip tides: Strong, shifting water conditions demand experience and awareness.
Who Should Even Consider Surfing Pipeline?
Pipeline is not for complete beginners or even intermediates. Surfers attempting Pipeline should be:
- Expert-level in wave knowledge and technique
- Comfortable in 8–12+ foot surf
- Strong paddlers with excellent duck-diving skills
- Capable of handling wipeouts and hold-downs
That said, aspiring Pipeline surfers can start their journey long before paddling out. With time, training, and experience, Pipeline can become a reachable goal. The rest of this guide will show you how to begin preparing wisely.
Step 1: Master the Basics in Safer Conditions
Before you even think about traveling to Hawaii, ensure that your fundamentals are rock solid.
Start on Beach Breaks
Choose forgiving beach breaks with sand bottoms to:
- Practice wave positioning
- Build paddling endurance
- Improve pop-up speed and footwork
Move to Reef and Point Breaks
Gradually transition to reef and point breaks to understand wave behavior and increase comfort in more technical settings.
Recommended pre-Pipeline waves:
Laniakea (North Shore, HI) – Slower reef break
Malibu (California) – Smooth point break to practice turns
Bells Beach (Australia) – Big, powerful waves with more space
Step 2: Train Your Body and Mind
Pipeline demands elite physical conditioning and mental clarity. Here’s how to build both.
Cardio & Paddling Endurance
You’ll need powerful shoulders and lungs. Focus on:
- Interval swimming
- Long-distance paddling drills
- Resistance band workouts for shoulders
Breath-Hold Training
Pipeline wipeouts can hold you down for multiple wave cycles.
Train with:
- Static apnea tables (build CO2 tolerance)
- Dynamic underwater laps
- Freediving courses (optional but beneficial)
Warning: Always train breath-holds with a buddy.
Mental Fortitude
Fear management is crucial. Techniques include:
- Visualization
- Meditation
- Controlled exposure to heavy waves over time
Step 3: Learn Surf Etiquette and Pipeline Culture
Pipeline is sacred ground. The locals and veterans are incredibly protective of it. Respect is mandatory.
Lineup Etiquette
Never snake or drop in on others.
Understand priority rules.
Don’t paddle straight to the peak on your first session.
Earn Your Spot
Watch the wave before paddling out—study it.
Start by sitting on the shoulder and observing.
Know your limits. One bad call can injure you and others.
Talk to Locals and Lifeguards
North Shore lifeguards are your best friends. Ask questions about:
- Conditions
- Hazards
- When and where it’s safest to paddle out
Step 4: Choose the Right Equipment
Your gear can make a big difference, especially in heavy surf like Pipeline.
Board Selection
Step-Up Board: Slightly longer than your standard shortboard (6’8”–7’2”)
Pin tail or rounded pin: Better for control and hold in the barrel
Strong glassing: Avoid ultralight boards; Pipeline requires durability
Brands like Pyzel, Channel Islands, and Tokoro make great step-ups designed for Hawaiian surf.
Fins
Use medium to large-sized fins for extra drive and hold.
Quad or thruster setups both work, depending on your style.
Leash
Use a strong, heavy-duty leash, preferably 7–8 feet long.
Check it regularly for wear.
Wetsuit or Rash Guard
Hawaii is warm year-round.
Most surfers wear boardshorts or a thin wetsuit top for reef protection.
Consider reef booties for added safety, though many advanced surfers go barefoot for board feel.
Step 5: Understand Pipeline Conditions
Season
Best time to surf: November to February
Swell direction: NW swells light up the classic Pipeline barrel.
Tide: Mid to high tide is generally safer and more forgiving.
Swell Size
Beginners should observe when the waves are under 4–6 feet (Hawaiian scale).
Avoid anything labeled double-overhead or above until you’re highly experienced.
Wind
Offshore winds from the southeast clean up the face of the wave.
Onshore winds destroy the barrel and make conditions unpredictable.
Step 6: Watch and Learn from Pipeline Legends
Many of the world’s best surfers have cut their teeth at Pipeline. Study their styles, timing, and strategies.
Icons of Pipeline:
Gerry Lopez – Master of the tube; style and grace
Andy Irons – Fearless approach and deep barrels
John John Florence – Local hero with flawless technique
Jamie O’Brien – Known for pushing limits at Pipe and Backdoor
Check out footage of past Pipe Masters competitions, which showcase the highest level of surfing at this break.
Step 7: Consider Hiring a Coach or Joining a Camp
If you’re serious about surfing Pipeline someday, get professional guidance.
Pipeline Surf Camps & Coaches
Some Hawaiian surf schools offer intermediate-to-advanced coaching.
Coaches help with:
- Wave selection
- Timing
- Body positioning
- Safety drills
Examples include:
- North Shore Surf Clinic
- Sunset Suzy’s Surf Camp
- Jamie O’Brien Surf Experience (Pipeline Tours)
Conclusion
Pipeline is the pinnacle of performance surfing. It demands respect, dedication, and extreme preparation. It can humble even the best in the world. But if your heart is set on it, the journey to surf Pipeline can transform you—not just as a surfer, but as a human being.
And most importantly—enjoy the ride. Surfing is about connection, expression, and respect for the ocean. Pipeline is simply one of the most beautiful, awe-inspiring places to express that connection—when you’re ready.